Stemolecule All-Trans Retinoic Acid

Stemolecule All-Trans Retinoic Acid is the oxidized form of Vitamin A and functions as a signaling molecule for various developmental pathways that control differentiation and proliferation 1, 2 . It acts by binding to heterodimers of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoid × receptor (RXR), which then bind to retinoic acid response elements (RAREs) in the regulatory regions activating gene transcription 3 . All-Trans Retinoic Acid has been implicated in specification of the embryonic anterior/posterior axis through Hox gene regulation 4 . It has been used in various differentiation protocols, including B-cells, T-cells and neurons and applied clinically to treat cancer as a form of differentiation-induction therapy 2,5-11 .